The CCTV focus interview on July 3, 2019 once again focused on the pollution problem of the yellow phosphorus production link in Yunnan and Guizhou. The production of yellow phosphorus will face strict supervision and supervision. I believe that in the future, it is very likely that the production of yellow phosphorus will be restricted and prices will increase. The extended industrial chain of phosphorus chemical products, thermal phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, etc., all have substantial price increases...

CCTV News (focus interview): Yellow phosphorus is not only toxic, but also consumes a lot of energy in production. If it is produced extensively, it will seriously threaten environmental safety. In today's environment where everyone is concerned about environmental protection, phosphorus chemical production enterprises should do a good job in pollution prevention and control. my country’s phosphorous chemical industry is mainly located in the southwest region. Recently, reporters followed the South China Inspectorate of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in interviews in several provinces on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and found that the pollution status of some yellow phosphorous production enterprises is not optimistic.

The flame ignited by the exhaust gas discharged when the electric furnace of the Yellow Phosphorus Plant produces yellow phosphorus is called a "torch" in the industry, and some people call it a "lighting sky lantern". On January 1, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology formulated the "Yellow Phosphorus Industry Access Conditions", one of which clearly stipulates: Phosphorus furnace tail gas must not be directly discharged and burned, and it must be recycled or reused as energy or resource, and the comprehensive utilization rate of tail gas from new yellow phosphorus installations Must reach more than 90%. In other words, the direct combustion and emission of tail gas from this yellow phosphorus furnace does not meet the industry access requirements.

According to the "Access Conditions for Yellow Phosphorus Industry", if exhaust gas and slag cannot be fully utilized, they must be eliminated within two years from the implementation of these access conditions. In other words, by 2011, we should no longer see such "lighting lanterns" on the land of China. However, ten years after the implementation of the "Entry Requirements for Yellow Phosphorus Industry", we can still see such "sky lanterns" burning in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.

A video taken on April 7 by villagers in Xianqiao Village, Weng'an County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, showed that the fields and farmhouses in the village were filled with white gas like fog.

According to the villagers, this kind of smog came from the successful yellow phosphorous plant less than one kilometer away. It will be better on a sunny day. If it is cloudy, this situation is likely to occur when the air pressure is low. So what is this white smoke? Why is there a pungent smell? The reporter came to Chenggong Yellow Phosphorus Factory. It was a clear day. The factory was producing, and it was a smoggy scene.

The electric furnace is the first important link in the production of yellow phosphorus, that is, the "lighting sky" position. At first glance outside the factory, this yellow phosphorous plant did not light up the “sky lanterns” like other factories. It seemed that all the exhaust gas had been used and there was no combustion emission.

According to villagers, the flames were surrounded inside.

In order to verify the villagers' claims, in the evening, the reporter used a drone to check in the air. It turned out that this yellow phosphorus factory built a fence around the torch with refractory bricks, which is difficult to see on the ground during the day.

At night, the process of yellow phosphorus quenching slag looks more spectacular. At these few smoking spots in the factory area, when the pressure is low, a large amount of gas cannot be dispersed with the wind and will gather in the valley, showing the scene in the video taken by the villagers.

The next day, accompanied by the county environmental protection bureau, the reporter came to Chenggong Yellow Phosphorus Plant again. This day was another low-pressure rainy day, but when I entered the factory, I didn't see any smoke. The air was much cleaner than the previous day. Experts from the South China Inspection Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment first came to the power distribution room of the enterprise. The meter currents of the three electric furnaces were all reset to zero. Obviously, in response to reporters and environmental protection departments, the electric furnaces were not energized and did not start production. As soon as you enter the factory door, the most conspicuous location is a publicity column for the recycling of waste gas, waste water and waste residue and environmental protection standards.

At the request of the reporter, he first came to the "lighting sky lantern" electric furnace exhaust combustion chamber.

Because there was no start, the flames of the exhaust gas of the electric furnace were very small, but obvious traces of long-term fire could be seen on the opposite wall. That is to say, once the electric furnace was energized and started, the flames sprayed directly on the wall two or three meters away. So, is the exhaust gas of the electric furnace discharged straight through combustion? Or is it recycled? There is a big bucket beside the flame.

The person in charge of Guizhou Weng'an Chenggong Phosphating Co., Ltd. said that it was hot water.

Bake a hot water tank with the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the electric furnace, which is the so-called exhaust gas utilization. This is obviously a misunderstanding. In fact, the exhaust gas of the electric furnace is almost completely discharged into the air. Phosphorus sludge is a hazardous solid waste produced after the quenching slag of yellow phosphorus, which contains a large amount of yellow phosphorus. By the side of the pool where the phosphorous mud was stored, weird plumes of white smoke appeared on the ground.

Yu Qi, director of the South China Inspectorate of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said: “The water contains yellow phosphorus, and it will settle here after it spreads over it. Removing the phosphorus pentoxide film on it (phosphorus oxidation) is like smoking.”

Yellow phosphorus is highly toxic. The surface of the phosphorus mud pool is mostly covered with a layer of water, so that the yellow phosphorus in the phosphorus mud is isolated from the air and is not oxidized. At the scene, the yellow phosphorus in the phosphorus mud pool ran outside the pool.

Yu Qi said: "Once there is an accident, the high-concentration water flows out, or the phosphorus sludge is discharged, even if the phosphorus sludge is only a small amount, it will be very harmful to the environment. The toxicity of yellow phosphorus is 1,000 times that of methamidophos for fish. Times."

On March 31st, villagers in Xianqiao Village captured a video showing that the water flowing out was turbid white. According to villagers, such water often appears, each time is short, up to a few minutes.

The villagers’ videos were shot on sunny days. Waste water will flow down the valley and drain to the Yankong River below. The villagers said that people did not dare to eat the water at all, and the fish and loach were dead.

According to the "Yellow Phosphorus Industry Access Conditions" promulgated on January 1, 2009, the existing yellow phosphorus installations include raw material dust recovery, energy consumption, comprehensive exhaust gas utilization, mud phosphorus recovery, sewage treatment, safety assurance, and comprehensive phosphorus slag If the utilization and other aspects do not meet the requirements of these conditions, the relevant transformation must be completed within two years from the implementation of the access conditions, and the production can be continued after being qualified by the relevant departments. Otherwise, the people's government of the company's location (city, county) must order it to suspend production according to law. However, it was this successful yellow phosphorus plant that appeared in the first batch of companies that met the "Yellow Phosphorus Industry Access Conditions" announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2011.

The "Entry Requirements for the Yellow Phosphorus Industry" was formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, but when it comes to the local industry and information department, it can't control or don't want to. So, what work has the environmental protection department done to deal with waste gas and wastewater discharge over the years? Can it meet the standard?

The person in charge of the Weng'an Branch of the Qiannan Prefecture Ecological Environment Bureau in Guizhou said: "We still cannot fully meet the standards, but in this process we still feel their helplessness. They want to do this well, but they always do it well. "

In 2017, when the successful yellow phosphorous plant did not have the industry access conditions and the environmental protection was not up to the standard, the Qiannan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau actually approved the third-phase construction environmental assessment report of the successful yellow phosphorous plant, which is the first plant that has been put into production. Three electric stoves.

The situation in Weng'an, Guizhou, also exists in Yunnan and Sichuan. In Chengjiang County, Yuxi, Yunnan, 13 yellow phosphorus electric furnaces are concentrated in Dongxishao Village. The Chengjiang County Bureau of Industry and Information Technology provided reporters with a rectification material. Among the 11 rectification measures, eight of them are aimed at the "Yellow Phosphorus Industry Access Conditions" and the environmental protection emission standards. Since the rectification is required, it will be more or less. Not up to standard.

Wang Tongkun, deputy director of the Industry, Commerce, Technology and Information Bureau of Chengjiang County, Yunnan, said: “Phosphorus chemical industry plays a pivotal role in the economic development of Chengjiang, and it is still an indispensable pillar for the time being.”

Since it is a pillar industry, it should be a scene of intense production. But in Dongxishao Village, the reporter saw that there was only one company with two electric furnaces lighting the "sky lanterns" in production, and most of them did not start production. Why?

The staff of the Dongxi Post Power Supply Station in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, said that it is a dry season and there is no electricity supply.

Wang Tongkun, deputy director of the Industry, Commerce, Technology and Information Bureau of Chengjiang County, Yunnan, also said that when small hydropower runs at full capacity during the wet season, electricity prices will drop.

In an internal communication material of Chengjiang County Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, we noticed such a set of data. In 2018, the county's industrial electricity consumption was 1.37 billion kWh, and the yellow phosphorus plant consumed nearly 1 billion kWh (99565 million kWh), accounting for 72.7%. It is an absolute large energy consumer.

According to this internal communication statistics, there are 7 enterprises in Dongxishao Village, 13 electric furnaces, and an annual production capacity of 150,000 tons of yellow phosphorus. In 2018, the tax revenue created by the phosphorus chemical industry was 45.61 million yuan, and each ton of yellow phosphorus created only 300 taxes. Yuan, even lower if calculating downstream products. Each ton of yellow phosphorus consumes more than 10,000 kWh of electricity, but it can only create such a small tax, which is typical of high energy consumption and low output. In recent years, many small hydropower projects have been established in the southwest region. The yellow phosphorous industry and small hydropower are "phosphor-powered", interdependent, and they have become an economic lifeline that local governments cannot give up.

In recent years, the market price of yellow phosphorus has been declining, but in some places, new projects are still being built. In Fuquan City, Guizhou Province, the reporter saw a yellow phosphorous plant under construction and inquired through the official website of the municipal government that this is a project with an annual output of 25,000 tons of yellow phosphorous. According to the "Yellow Phosphorus Industry Access Conditions", the initial production capacity of new entrants must reach 50,000 tons or more per year, and 25,000 tons of production capacity obviously does not meet the access requirements.

Some local government departments indulged enterprises and allowed pollution, and it was the surrounding environment that suffered. It is this kind of regulatory attitude that has made the pollution of Chenggong Phosphating Company "rectify but not change" for many years. At present, the local government has implemented rectification and cessation of production for Chenggong Phosphating Company. This time, what everyone hopes to see is the real rectification, and the reform to the end. There are thresholds and no rules. This is a common problem that many yellow phosphorus production companies have, and it will inevitably produce similar or even more serious pollution. It is understandable that enterprises need to start construction and local governments need to develop, but they cannot be exchanged for temporary economic development at the expense of the environment. This is the request of the central government and the expectations of the people.